tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-875034227874382322024-02-08T00:14:47.549-05:00Plant ScienceWelcome to my blog/site "Plant Science". This blog is all about the plant and its different parts. I've named it "phyplant" since It has been abbreviated from PLANT PHYSIOLOGY.
Okay, now to fully view the glory of the plant system, please read up the texts that I've written. I think, u will like my site. Comments are required from you for improving it.Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87503422787438232.post-87900326495925512692009-08-12T14:41:00.001-04:002009-08-12T14:49:07.555-04:00Mesophyll Tissue of Leaf<p>Most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenchyma" title="Parenchyma">parenchyma</a></i> (ground tissue) or <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorenchyma" title="Chlorenchyma" class="mw-redirect">chlorenchyma</a></i> tissue called the <b>mesophyll</b> (Greek for "middle leaf"). This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimilation_%28biology%29" title="Assimilation (biology)">assimilation</a> tissue is the primary location of photosynthesis in the plant. The products of photosynthesis are called "assimilates".</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"> <div class="magnify">In ferns and most flowering plants the mesophyll is divided into two layers:</div> </div> </div> <ul><li>An upper <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palisade_cell" title="Palisade cell">palisade layer</a></b> of tightly packed, vertically elongated cells, one to two cells thick, directly beneath the adaxial epidermis. Its cells contain many more chloroplasts than the spongy layer. These long cylindrical cells are regularly arranged in one to five rows. Cylindrical cells, with the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplasts" title="Chloroplasts" class="mw-redirect">chloroplasts</a></i> close to the walls of the cell, can take optimal advantage of light. The slight separation of the cells provides maximum <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_%28chemistry%29" title="Absorption (chemistry)">absorption</a> of carbon dioxide. This separation must be minimal to afford <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action" title="Capillary action">capillary action</a> for water distribution. In order to adapt to their different environment (such as sun or shade), plants had to adapt this structure to obtain optimal result. Sun leaves have a multi-layered palisade layer, while shade leaves or older leaves closer to the soil, are single-layered.</li><li>Beneath the palisade layer is the <b>spongy layer</b>. The cells of the spongy layer are more rounded and not so tightly packed. There are large intercellular air spaces. These cells contain fewer chloroplasts than those of the palisade layer.</li><li><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leaf_spongy_mesophyll.jpg" class="image" title="Spongy cells"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Leaf_spongy_mesophyll.jpg/180px-Leaf_spongy_mesophyll.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" height="240" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leaf_spongy_mesophyll.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Spongy cells</div> </div> </div></li></ul><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leaves.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><br /></a><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify">Leaves in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate" title="Temperate" class="mw-redirect">temperate</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boreal" title="Boreal">boreal</a>, and seasonally dry zones may be seasonally <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> (falling off or dying for the inclement season). This mechanism to shed leaves is called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscission" title="Abscission">abscission</a>. After the leaf is shed, a leaf scar develops on the twig. In cold autumns they sometimes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autumn_leaf_color" title="Autumn leaf color">change color</a>, and turn <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a>, bright <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_%28colour%29" title="Orange (colour)">orange</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a> as various accessory pigments (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthophyll" title="Xanthophyll">xanthophylls</a>) are revealed when the tree responds to cold and reduced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">sunlight</a> by curtailing chlorophyll production. Red anthocyanin pigments are now thought to be produced in the leaf as it dies, possibly to mask the yellow hue left when the chlorophyll is lost - yellow leaves appear to attract herbivores such as aphids.</div></div> </div> </div>Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87503422787438232.post-50275167926199127492009-06-19T06:43:00.003-04:002009-06-19T06:49:56.889-04:00Why are leaves of plants green?<p>Everybody has a question that why plants are green. The simple answer - that plants are green because they have green Chloroplasts (Cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis). And chloroplastids are green because they contain the green pigment chlorophyll in their thylakoid membranes, which is a pigment that absorbs red and blue light. </p><p>But why is chlorophyll green then? To understand why chlorophyll is green, we must learn about pigments. Do you know about Pigment? A pigment is something that absorbs light. Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs blue and red light. Chlorophyll is green because pigments absorb some wavelenghts of light and reflect others. A yellow pigment is one that absorbs all of the wavelengths of light except yellow. The yellow color is reflected into your eyes, and that is why it looks yellow. The reason a red shirt is red is because the red pigments in the shirt absorb all of the light except red. That reflected light is the color that the shirt appears. If it reflected all light, then it would be white. So plants are green because chlorophyll reflects green light. And chlorophyll is found in all plants because it is the molecule that absorbs the light that is used to make sugar.</p>Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87503422787438232.post-89754843258492082242009-02-23T03:06:00.000-05:002009-02-23T03:14:10.676-05:00Plant leaves are engaged in Photosynthesis<a href="http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/images/b/bc/Photosynthesis.jpg"><img style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 300px" alt="" src="http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/images/b/bc/Photosynthesis.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div>Photosynthesis in a metabollic pathway of which plants take Carbon dioxide and convert it into organic compounds, especially glucose, using the energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and many species of bacteria, but not in Archaea. Photosynthetic organisms are called <a class="mw-redirect" title="Photoautotroph" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoautotroph">photoautotrophs</a>, but not all organisms that use light as a source of energy carry out photosynthesis, since <a title="Photoheterotroph" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoheterotroph">photoheterotrophs</a> use organic compounds, rather than carbon dioxide, as a source of carbon. In plants, algae and <a title="Cyanobacteria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a> photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a waste product.</div>Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87503422787438232.post-17762402189390132422009-02-23T02:39:00.000-05:002009-02-23T03:05:56.800-05:00Doubts about Fungi?<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/images/2006/11/15/fungi_stubbs_465x349.jpg"><img style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 273px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 271px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/images/2006/11/15/fungi_stubbs_465x349.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div>A fungus is a <a title="Eukaryote" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote">eukaryotic</a> <a title="Organism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism">organism</a> that is a member of kingdom. The fungi are monophylatic group, also called the Eumycota ("true fungi" or eumycetes), that is <a class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogeny" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny">phylogenetically</a> distinct from the morphologically similar <a title="Slime mold" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slime_mold">slime molds</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" title="Myxomycetes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxomycetes">myxomycetes</a>) and <a class="mw-redirect" title="Water mold" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_mold">water molds</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" title="Oomycetes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oomycetes">oomycetes</a>). The fungi are heterotropic organisms possessing chitinous cell wall, with the majority of fungal species growing as multicellular filaments called hyphae a mycelium; some fungal species also grow as cells. Sexual and asexual reproduction of the fungi is commonly via spores, often produced on specialized structures or fruiting bodies. Some species have lost the ability to form reproductive structures, and propagate solely by vegetative growth. </div>Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87503422787438232.post-32291975612451374682009-02-23T02:16:00.001-05:002009-03-13T11:45:22.421-04:00What are Non-flowering plants ??Generally, the plants which do not grow flowers are said Non-flowering plants. Some famous non flowering plants are ferns and horsetails. Often horsetails are seen growing as weeds in gardens and fields. They can also grow on rocky slopes of mountains. Non flowering plants have survived for so long because they have been able to adapt to all the changes that have taken place on earth. Vascular plants (Psylotophyta, Equisetophyta & Lycopodiophyta); Ferns (Polypodiophyta); Gymnosperms(Pinophyta) are some important families of Non-Flowering plants.Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87503422787438232.post-44504603644746710272008-03-11T05:27:00.000-04:002008-12-11T20:49:23.353-05:00Seed<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilDJsPIeltJCisSnbsoF_Ee1hdag5IPW9S4r6HN5y0YhSM8HJs2araCXTEIn-tlhnmQHgYs_elY3OkFamx5mhemE1wfUTNP_1Z3ERehagSty_G4izLBVcqzYoiZsQqHParq1KBYmOeoc5E/s1600-h/seed.bmp"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilDJsPIeltJCisSnbsoF_Ee1hdag5IPW9S4r6HN5y0YhSM8HJs2araCXTEIn-tlhnmQHgYs_elY3OkFamx5mhemE1wfUTNP_1Z3ERehagSty_G4izLBVcqzYoiZsQqHParq1KBYmOeoc5E/s320/seed.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5176421162344815650" border="0" /></a><br /> Seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed coat">seed coat</a>, usually with some stored food. There are many parts in a seed viz. seed coat,radicle , plemule ,endosperm and embryo( form of the three-cotyledon,epicotyl and hypocotyl).The formation of the seed completes the process of reproduction in seed plants (started with the development of flowers and pollination), with the embryo developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule.Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and spread of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowering plants">flowering plants</a>.Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87503422787438232.post-2392819229542857192008-03-10T05:49:00.000-04:002008-12-11T20:49:23.585-05:00Root<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuuEiPnpd1mgW2kKUxp64_kEmKUY9AS6U54HND7Rij09zkB_oRxuCWnSQ3W0E-xo-m3Yf-3V_CRMCQ9si7hB_5BuH2PX04XkiFDtjBmT6QJvGfBrZNIQePBwQZnc4qOEqdPqUMpmTNEgeG/s1600-h/Tap,fibrous+root.bmp"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuuEiPnpd1mgW2kKUxp64_kEmKUY9AS6U54HND7Rij09zkB_oRxuCWnSQ3W0E-xo-m3Yf-3V_CRMCQ9si7hB_5BuH2PX04XkiFDtjBmT6QJvGfBrZNIQePBwQZnc4qOEqdPqUMpmTNEgeG/s320/Tap,fibrous+root.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5176411563092909074" border="0" /></a><br />The portion of the germinating seed which grows and descend deep into the soil is called ROOT.They usually originate from the emerging radicle of a germinating seed but ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS originate from the other parts of plant like stem and leaf.They are of two types viz. Tap root system and Adventitious root system.<br /><br />Tap root system:<br />The root system consisting of the main primary root and secondary roots.eg-pea,mustard,mango.<br />Adventitious root system:<br />The root system where radicle does not develop and replaced by a number of minute thread like roots arising from EPICOTYL.eg-Fibrous root-grass , Cauline root-Banyan and Foliar root-Bignonia.Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87503422787438232.post-26906036709727283932008-03-10T05:26:00.000-04:002008-03-11T05:27:00.539-04:00What is Plant??<p><b>Know about PLANTS !!!</b></p><p><b>Plants</b> are a major group of life.They can be classified in three types on the basis of stem-viz.herbs , shrubs and trees. About 350,000 species of plants are found yet in the whole world. As of 2004, some 287,655 species had been identified, of which 258,650 are flowering and 15,000 are bryophytes.The plants produce GLUCOSE and nutrients by a process called <a href="http://images.google.co.in/images?q=Photosynthesis&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=N&tab=wi">Photosynthesis</a>.They are AUTOTROPHS because they prepare their own food.<br /></p>Ishadiphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04613273523344991097noreply@blogger.com0